Annotated Bibliography on the Role of Feminism and Women...

Introduction Women in religion are so often swept away by the more prominent achievements of the male members of their order. This does not mean that these women did not play a formative role in their religion, but their stories are often unrecorded or ignored and their contributions are devalued. It is easy to believe that this is isolated to one religion that we might feel particularly uncharitable towards, however my research has shown that this happens in almost all religions around the world. Buddhism is complicated with regard to women, as some countries’ version of it holds women in higher esteem than others. The whole religion has been debating on whether or not women can legitimately participate in enlightenment since†¦show more content†¦Anand also discusses quite a bit about how the Aryans changed Indian society. DeVido, Elise Anne. Taiwans Buddhist Nuns. Albany: SUNY, 2010. Print. Taiwan’s nuns are singular within their religion. Taiwan has the most Buddhist nuns in the world as well as more nuns than monks. Unlike other country’s nuns, Taiwan’s Buddhist nuns play a large role in society, social services, and education and are highly respected. This book explores how Buddhism in Taiwan is shaped by nuns and ordinary women, who both play an important role. DeVido also shows the history of female Buddhists in China and Taiwan to explain how they came to be so valued in the present. She explores several different orders of nuns, as well as how popular philosophies have bolstered women in Taiwan. It is important to have sources that represent all sides of an argument in order to understand the full issue. DeVido’s book shows the rare circumstance where women are equal or more important than men in Buddhism. In Taiwan, nuns’ contributions to society are v alued as they are nowhere else in the world. Taiwan went through a religious renaissance of sorts in the 1980’s, when there was more relative freedom for everyone, women included. Women poured into convents to pursue the opportunities that a nun’s life afforded them, and nuns also contributed to society in many ways. One of these ways was the formation of numerous relief groups and non-governmental organizations, or NGOs, which helped

The Effects Of Alcohol Drinking Alcohol On Children

Alcohol has always been around in our lifetimes. If you enjoy it now then what if you had it at an earlier age? What if your parents allowed you to drink it? What if your children could drink it without any problems. Alcohol by itself is not dangerous at all if consumption is regulated and drinking responsibly. Each day, it seems more and more incidents involving the influence of alcohol or being drunk are occurring more often. That creates a very negative image of alcohol, and minors could be educated about those problems through experience at a young age. An age where they will be less likely to drive drunk or commit a federal offense. Alcohol is a substance that can influence the drinker’s thought process and actions. Some authoritative figures believe this will have a negative effect on children. However, positive results can come from a minor drinking alcohol at a younger age than when they can be sent to jail or injure themselves. Therefore, minors should be allowed to d rink alcoholic beverages in their homes with their parent’s approval. This is necessary because incidents with abuse of alcohol being involved seem to occur more everyday. In addition, minors need to be able to see how alcohol will affect their lives before they ruin it with abuse in the future. Furthermore, the effect of alcohol on a young body can be prevented by supervision. Finally, even with all the negative points of alcohol and abusing it, using alcohol now will prove to help the futureShow MoreRelatedAdverse Effect Of Alcohol Consumption1321 Words   |  6 PagesThe Adverse Effect of Alcohol Consumption In Whiting S. Albert’s article â€Å"Alcohol Use Is Harmful† he stated that alcohol is a chemical that contains hydrogen and carbon. Whiting stated further that the active ingredient of alcohol is ethyl alcohol, which is also known as ethanol. Alcohol is one of the few things that human being consume that do not need digestion. 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When Ronald Reagan signed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, its goal was to reduce less-mature adults from consuming alcohol and performing reckless acts (Cary, 1). However, despite the current drinking age, 17.5 percent of consumerRead MoreAlcohol Research Paper1257 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol Research Paper Alcohol plays too significant a role in society today and should be an after thought as opposed to the most essential addition to any social event. Alcohol creates numerous social, economic, and health problems that could very easily be stopped if it played a less influential role in every day events. The use of alcohol is prominent in, but not limited to three social circles that include students, family groups, and religious gatherings. Experts have much toRead More The Irreversible Damage Caused by Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay884 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment of her baby. Excessive exposure to alcohol during pregnancy can inflict serious, permanent physical and mental damage on her child. When a pregnant woman drinks alcohol she is making her child drink also. In knowing how Fetal Alcohol Syndrome can be prevented, what the symptoms are, and who and what make up the risk factors fetal alcohol syndrome can be better understood. The National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome states Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is the name given to a groupRead MoreThe Dangers Of Teenage Alcoholism863 Words   |  4 Pagesevery twelve adults living with alcohol abuse, it is a possibility that the children of these people will grow up and follow their parents. In this pattern there is a never ending cycle of alcohol abuse and dependence that has resulted in alcohol being ranked as the third leading cause of behavior related deaths in America (Facts About Alcohol. 2015, July). There is a higher risk for teenagers who consume alcohol because their brains are not fully developed. The alcohol that they drink suppresses theRead MoreKeeping The Minimum Drinking Age864 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Minimum Drinking Age In 1984, the United States’ federal government passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act. Under this act, the federal government gives highway funds to States that forbid people under the age of twenty-one years old from â€Å"purchasing or publicly possessing alcoholic beverages†(23 U.S.C.  § 158). The incentive created a sense of a standardized minimum drinking age when legally there cannot be a federal minimum drinking age. Even though this Act has been in effect for decadesRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol On The Body s Organs And Brain Activity1350 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol is a recreational drug which contains ethanol (Drugfreeworld.org, 2016), a depressant that prolongs the messages from the brain to the body affecting the way one thinks, feels and behaves (Alcoholthinkagain.com.au, 2014). Excessive alcohol consumption can have many negative effects on the body’s organs and brain activity. Major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, cirrhosis , depression, gout and pancreatitis can occur as a result of consuming large quantities of alcohol and haveRead MoreKeeping The Minimum Drinking Age880 Words   |  4 Pages Keeping the Minimum Drinking Age In 1984, the United States’ federal government passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act. Under this Act, the federal government gives highway funds to States that forbid people under the age of twenty-one years old from â€Å"purchasing or publicly possessing alcoholic beverages†(23 U.S.C.  § 158). The incentive created a sense of a standardized minimum drinking age despite the fact that legally there cannot be a federal minimum drinking age. Even though this Act

Helmut Newton Free Essays

NEWTON HELMUT because of the threat of the Nazis. This turned out to be a gift to the world because it eventually gave him the freedom to pursue his now legendary career in photography. HELMUT NEWTON was born in Germany and later forced out of the country We see a lot of sexy photos of women in today’s magazines, most of them designed only to titillate and excite men, having no artistic message that goes beyond â€Å"I am sexy†. We will write a custom essay sample on Helmut Newton or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the fashion photography world, however, there is one man that has used the female form to delve into human nature even though it is viewed by many as pornographic and inappropriate. Helmut Newton, for decades, pushed the envelope in fashion photography. HELMUT NEWTON Born on October 31, 1920 in Berlin, Helmut Newton grew up in a privileged family. Due to his passion for photography, he stopped going to school and pursued an apprenticeship with Elsie Simon, a top photographer. He only had this job for a while because he had to leave Germany due to Adolf Hitler’s violent treatment of. He went to Singapore and got a job there but it did not last long though. He moved around Singapore for a while until he moved to Australia in 1940. There, he settled and built a new life with his wife, June Brunell. He continued following his passion for photography, eventually getting his work to appear in top fashion magazines around the world. Helmut Newton, 1978 HELMUT NEWTON His Career as a Photographer From his small photo studio that he built in Melbourne, he eventually got the creative momentum that led him to get his photos published in French Vogue in 1961. From there, his name became synonymous to the magazine’s look and feel, leading to more work for other magazines such as Nova, Queen, Marie-Claire, Elle, Playboy and different editions of Vogue. His provocative photos of women earned him the titles â€Å"Prince of Porn† and â€Å"King of Kink†. This image of his kind of photography was cemented with the release of his book called â€Å"White Women,† an erotic publication that defines his style and artistic vision. Ornella Muti by Helmut Newton,1986 HELMUT NEWTON Purveyor of Powerful Women Helmut Newton images depicting women in men’s clothing and depicting them as powerful figures, breaking all the molds built by society, made heads turned. It also led some people to ask for his head to roll. Even with all the controversy, he continued pushing the envelope in photographing women by taking images of nude bodies in provocative positions. It may have been met by scrutiny and rage in the beginning, but it eventually became the industry standard. His unconventional images of femme fatales made Helmut Newton a legend in fashion photography. Not even his death in 2004 would end his undeniable influence in how photography can exude power in women. Le Smoking by Helmut Newton,1975 HELMUT NEWTON A Legend Helmut Newton did not just limit his photography to nude women and fashion. He also shared with the whole world his early life as a survivor of the Nazi invasion in Germany. He took portraits of Nazi personalities and other people relevant to the very difficult time in world history. Helmut Newton images clearly show the world through the eyes of a nomad who wandered the earth, not giving a care to people’s judgments and myopic views. Willy Van Rooy by Helmut Newton, Vogue 1967 HELMUT NEWTON Helmut Newton 31 October 1920 – 23 January 2004 Newton died on January 23, 2004 due to a car accident in California. It was reported that he lost control of his car because of sudden heart attack. The 83 years old photographer crashed into the wall beyond the Hotel Chateau Marmont’s driveway in Hollywood. HELMUT NEWTON Some of his work HELMUT NEWTON Dressed They’re coming (naked) Paris,1981 HELMUT NEWTON Miami,1978 Bergstrom over Paris,1976 HELMUT NEWTON Celebrities Naomi Campbell The face 1991 Sigourney Weaver Monica Bellucci Blumarine Spring-Summer 1993 (Ad Campaign) HELMUT NEWTON Thank You How to cite Helmut Newton, Essay examples

Employment Patterns of Women in New Zealand-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Different Employment patterns of Women and their Economic outcomes in New Zealand. Answer: Introduction There has been significant increase in the labour force of women in New Zealand and especially the paid employment patterns of women. However, the pattern of work histories of women shows that there has been sequence of entries as well as exits. There has been an increase in the strengths of women in terms of maximizing their economic and social success(Ministry for Women, 2017). The government of New Zealand is committed to give equal opportunities to the women so that they can use their skills as well as talents in the economy (Darling-Hammond, 2015). It aims to give women a suitable framework that would minimize their exposure to different forms of gender discrimination. This research paperwould discuss the different employment outcomes of women in New Zealand. The second part would discuss about the representations of the women in group. This would be done with the help offour examples of women at work. The critical analysis of these examples would be done. The part 3 would identify the review of the selected articles in the chosen diversity group and ponder about their outcomes. Discussion The women residing in New Zealand has seen a dominant rise in the society, similar to that displayed in other countries (Ministry for Women, 2017). Over the period of years, women in New Zealand have learnt to be ingenious, adaptable and independent (Ministry for Women, 2017). There has been slow disappearance of stereotypes of women and greater women are entering the workforce. The Ministry of Women Affairs aims to give equal opportunity to women in all matters (McGregor et al., 2017). It aims to give equal rights to women in various forms of trades and occupation. There have been different needs of the different categories of women such as Asian women, Pacific women, migrant women, women with disabilities and others. The current labor force participation rate revolves around 64.72 percent, as recorded in 2016 (Statistics.govt.nz, 2017). It has been observed that the unemployment rate for Pacific and Maori women is the highest. The gender gap in terms of compensation is the one of the lowest in the world as far as full time workers are concerned. The New Zealand women engage in more amount of unpaid work than their male counterparts (Statistics.govt.nz, 2017). Statistics reveal that the unemployment rate of the women is greater in men as compared to men. This trend is quite similar in disabled population too. The country is committed to bringing in more gender equality as well as committed in enhancing the outcomes for women in respective areas (Statistics.govt.nz, 2017). The country believes in engaging the different women leaders so that they have the highest level of participation in management and governance (Workresearch.aut.ac.nz, 2017). The skills of the women leaders are being utilized to bring out greater economic outcomes for the country and ensuring that women are free from violence. The economic outcomes have been affected by the instances of motherhood. The early motherhood (at the age of 30 years) is said to have economic disadvantage for this group. The pregnant women in their early motherhood period seem to work for fewer hours, have low financial independence and they get more prone to economic hardships (Sonfield et al., 2013). The employment rates of the educated older women are higher, though there are several older women who have little or no formal education (Superseniors.msd.govt.nz, 2017). Research shows that there is a significant increase in the mid-life women employees who are proceeding towards the stages of retirement(Statistics.govt.nz, 2017).However, in the longer period, the group would start ageing and would be a part of the group which has low employment rate. There has been significant growth in the number of women involving in private as well as government sectors. This has been impacted by the political, economic and social systems. The increase in the participation has been attributed to the higher wages, which is also affected by the technological advancements (Leigh Blakely, 2016). The higher wages have also impacted the value of womens and they perceive that it is futile to waste it at home. It is also being influenced by decreasing birth rates as well as small families(Superseniors.msd.govt.nz, 2017). The number of women who have undergone tertiary education has a positive co-relation with their act of working full-time or part-time. However, there has been an effect known as discouraged working effect, which reduces the female labor supply(Superseniors.msd.govt.nz, 2017). The increased participatory rates have also been due to the rapid urbanization that has resulted in the increased work opportunities (Bonoli, 2017). There are part-time jobs which often act as the entry point of various women who want to return back to the workforce. Wajcman (2013) argues that the women voluntarily prefer part time education and not only for the childrearing purpose. The part-time employment opportunities are being chosen by women who want to make non-market activities as their priority. There are pressures of the society in terms of child-rearing responsibilities(Bonoli, 2017). In spite of the economic reforms, the women with infants find it difficult to step out of the home and work. The present socio-economic factors have impacted the women group in making employment level decisions. Society expects that the new mothers sit at home and take care of the children, instead involving them in full-time employment options (Bonoli, 2017). This makes the women less likely to go against their families and their careers take a backseat. It is true that women with child-bearing responsibilities or family duties may opt for part-time job options (Swann, 2014). However, there has been a rising cases of injustice towards such work patterns as far as promotion and training attributes are concerned. Name of Source Summary Analysis Does it work well in NZ? Message given by source Advantages Disadvantages https://www.nzherald.co.nz (Joan Withers: Changing the world for working women) Status of the women in present corporate scenario and the ways of achieving top ranks in the corporate organizations Corporate entities need to retain their women workforce and give them enough opportunities so that they can excel in their professional lives Yes, it do works well in NZ Women can have a balanced lifestyle with life/career so that they are successful This source pondered about the plights of working women from practical point of view. The article doesnt really identify the ways that can be used by women to balance their life and work. https://www.nzherald.co.nz (The gender gap: How NZ is faring) Varying level of gaps from of economic opportunities between men and women of New Zealand Portrays the unequal income of the women as compared to men having same qualification It is relevant in NZ scenario Women needs to demand equal work rights and know how to handle disparity Identifies the different attributes of inequality towards women Doesnt clearly state the future courses of action Burke Mattis, 2013 (Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: International challenges and ) Different issues faced by women in top management Various barriers include lack of data, lack of information Yes Women directors have to undertake several problems Clear representation of the issues in senior management Restricted to a particular hierarchical level only Handy Rowlands, 2014 Labour market differences of women among the Wellington film industry Problems of women associated with the film industry and intervention of social roles played by them Yes, it is related to NZ film industry Women have responsibilities at home and hence they have unequal labor opportunities as compared to their male counterparts Identifies the actual problems of women in advancing their careers in film industry Doesnt clearly mentions the probable solutions Zealand, 2015 Various methods of occupational gender segmentation Different kinds of trends, education and the patterns of occupational segregation are correctly displayed Yes Cluster patterns of women in different occupations in NZ A wide picture of occupations and women are being depicted The womens positions beyond putting them in different occupations are not defined well www.globalwomen.org.nz (Why be bold for change?) Current rate of change is inadequate for bringing in gender parity in New Zealand Various barriers in gender gap and gender pay gap are discussed Yes, it should be implemented Important to take bold steps to bring in change regarding gender parity Practical issue of gender differences are discussed Article did not critically appraise the issue There are different kinds of women portrayed in the articles and in the prevailing society. The women are represented to be frail and they are not eager to change. They are often subjected to violence and injustice, which they tolerate. The society always restricts women from entering into certain professions such as military, defenses and others. Women also feel ashamed to do so since they are not able to go against the society. The society expects women to be well dressed everywhere they are going. They are expected to be well maintained and well-groomed at all times. A typical woman would wear a dress in which she is comfortable and she would be able to carry herself well. She should have neat and tied hair which would make her to look pretty. It is important to look decent always and women are not considered good if they are not well groomed. However, women should not be treated as an object and they should be treated as human beings. The demographic projections reveal that the elderly women population would be an important part of the labor force. This can be attributed to the long-life expectancy of women as compared to men. The women who become pregnant before the age of 20 years may often lead to economic disadvantage, which may continue till a decade. This often leads to indirect influences to the employment patterns of women. The article on Preparing, working, recovering: Gendered experiences of night work among women and their families discusses about the negative experiences of women towards the night duty work (Lowson Arber, 2014). The phases of recovery as well as preparation are characterized by additional anxiety. There are also alterations in the sleep patterns of women in night duty. This concept is directly related to the economic outcomes of women discussed in Part 1. However, this article is successful in representing the fact the women are successful in planning their domestic responsibility while working in night shifts(Lowson Arber, 2014). The article on Working Women Worldwide: Age effects in female labor force participation in 117 countries focuses on the labor force participation rate in different countries apart from New Zealand (Besamusca et al., 2015). This article identifies the fact that the sector sizes as well as per capita GDP is responsible for the exact timing of labor market entry as well as exit. This idea is directly related to the concepts discussed in Part 2 regarding the labor force participation(Besamusca et al., 2015). The journal on the Organizational work family culture and working mothers affective commitment discusses about the attitudes of the full-time working mothers regarding the work-family culture (Chang, Chin Ye, 2014). The working mothers are more committed to the organization, as compared to their peers, which opposes the common myth of the society. The expectations of the working mothers are also lower than others, which indicate organizational prosperity. This supports the idea of full time work opportunities of women discussed in part 1 and the effect of child- rearing responsibilities on womens profession (Chang, Chin Ye, 2014). The journal articles on the Gendered inequality regimes and female labor market disadvantage within New Zealand film industry focuses on the fact that the women have disadvantages related to gender inequality in the New Zealand film industry (Handy Rowlands, 2014). Women who have young children are being conceived as the less preferable employees for recruitment. The women have limiting role to play in the film industry as compare to the male counterparts. This article shows the different stereotypes towards women in film industry (similar in corporate world). The structural features of our societies and the institutions force women to abort their professional decisions and agree with the flow. These articles witness the fact that women should not be considered as beautiful as well as well-dressed in order to be successful at work. It is their talent and expertise that should be counted for gaining recognition at work. The women should be encouraged to showcase their talent and expertise at work. They should not be looked as a source of entertainment and beauty, instead their hard work needs to be recognized. The article on the film industrys gender inequality shows that the women are not treated equal to men. Their role is limited to certain things only and they are not allowed to go beyond the stereotypes. There are several stereotypes against working moms which prevents them from participating fully in the organizational as well as societal functions. The article on the age of the working women reveals that the women have been successful in managing all levels of management, including the senior management level. This has been focused by the article on the women on the d ifferent corporate board of directors. The articles also support the fact that the women have faced different levels of differences in terms of economic opportunities also. This is also highlighted in the society where there are several indifferences owing to the different treatments that are being provided to the employees. The demographic projections reveal that the elderly women population would be an important part of the labor force. This can be attributed to the long-life expectancy of women as compared to men. The women who become pregnant before the age of 20 years may often lead to economic disadvantage, which may continue till a decade. This often leads to indirect influences to the employment patterns of women. Conclusion The working life of women in New Zealand is coupled with anxiety, uncertainty, superstitions and obstacles, which they need to fight with every day. The working women need to break traditional societal barriers in order to be successful in their professional life. They need to overcome several stereotypes in order to occupy the profession position that she desires. They also need to balance their home and profession so that neither of them suffers. The research paper discusses about the employment patterns as well as the economic outcomes of women in New Zealand. The full-time employment is related to several factors such as tertiary education, employability of older women, socio-economic conditions, part-time employment scope and others. There are six examples provided that ponders about the different dimensions of the relationship between women and their employment probabilities. The last part of the research paper critically analyzes the different sources that strengthen the selec ted diversity group. This research paper would broaden the understanding of the position of women in occupations in New Zealand and how they can be improved. References Besamusca, J., Tijdens, K., Keune, M., Steinmetz, S. (2015). Working women worldwide. Age effects in female labor force participation in 117 countries.World Development,74, 123-141. Bonoli, G. (2017).Labour market and social protection reforms in international perspective: parallel or converging tracks?. Taylor Francis. Burke, R. J., Mattis, M. C. (Eds.). (2013).Women on corporate boards of directors: International challenges and opportunities(Vol. 14). Springer Science Business Media. Chang, E., Chin, H., Ye, J. (2014). Organizational work?family culture and working mothers affective commitment: How career expectations matter.Human Resource Management,53(5), 683-700. Darling-Hammond, L. (2015).The flat world and education: How America's commitment to equity will determine our future. Teachers College Press. Handy, J., Rowlands, L. (2014). Gendered inequality regimes and female labour market disadvantage within the New Zealand film industry.Women's Studies Journal,28(2), 24. Joan Withers: Changing the world for working women. (2017).NZ Herald. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=11890155 Leigh, N. G., Blakely, E. J. (2016).Planning local economic development: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Lowson, E., Arber, S. (2014). Preparing, working, recovering: Gendered experiences of night work among women and their families.Gender, Work Organization,21(3), 231-243. McGregor, J., Davies, S. G., Giddings, L. S., Pringle, J. (2017). Pursuing equal pay: The perspectives of female engineers and potential policy interventions.Journal of Industrial Relations,59(1), 3-21. Ministry for Women |. (2017).Women.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://women.govt.nz Sonfield, A., Hasstedt, K., Kavanaugh, M. L., Anderson, R. (2013). The social and economic benefits of womens ability to determine whether and when to have children. Statistics.govt.nz. (2017).Statistics.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.statistics.govt.nz Superseniors.msd.govt.nz (2017).Superseniors.msd.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://superseniors.msd.govt.nz Swann, N. (2014).A cross-generational narrative examination of women's career journeys. Pepperdine University. The gender gap: How NZ is faring. (2017).NZ Herald. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=11349638 Wajcman, J. (2013).Managing like a man: Women and men in corporate management. John Wiley Sons. Why Be Bold For Change?. (2017).Globalwomen.org.nz. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.globalwomen.org.nz/news-and-events/blog/why-be-bold-for-change/ Work Research Institute - AUT. (2017).Workresearch.aut.ac.nz. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.workresearch.aut.ac.nz Zealand, S. N. (2015). Women at work: 19912013.Ministry for Women: Wellington, New Zealand.

Japanese Obon Festival free essay sample

A Buddhist monk, able to see the dead, saw his mother struggling in the afterworld of Hungry Ghosts, the Hell of Starvation. Horrified by his clairvoyant vision, the Buddhist monk, Mokuren, ran to Buddha and was instructed to give each Buddhist monk offerings on the fifteenth day of the seventh month. Doing so and seeing his mothers release, Mokuren realized how much she had sacrificed for him and danced in great joy and gratitude. Much like the story of Mokuren, the Japanese Obon (pronounced o-bone) festival is a family oriented celebration which appreciates the sacrifices of ones ancestors. Japans fashion of celebrating their ancestors sacrifices has its origins steeped in Buddhist culture. Obon has been celebrated annually since its introduction by the Chinese in the seventh century (more accurately 657 A. D. ). Abbreviated from Urabon (the Japanese transliteration of the Sanskrit word Ullambana), Obon means to hang upside down, which communicates the retched suffering of either body or spirit, literally or metaphorically, of being hung upside down. We will write a custom essay sample on Japanese Obon Festival or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Obon is a ritual, which operates according to Sakyamuni Buddhas Urabon Sutra, the story of Mokuren. This ritual was practiced the same way Sakyamuni Buddha instructed Mokuren to do, on the fifteenth day of the seventh month. This tradition changed over the centuries and is now more commonly practiced August 13-16th, though most places in Okinawa (southern Japan) still celebrate Obon on the Lunar Calendars seventh month. Like the story implies, Obon is not a mournful celebration and is known as the Festival of Light or the Festival of Joy. For the three days of Obon, people may dance, eat good food, play games, and pray to show the joy they have for what their ancestors had to give up when they were alive. These celebratory features however, must be prepared for to adequately honor the ancestors spirits. Before the Obon festival begins, families gather and prepare their homes and the familys shrine in order to show thanks to their ancestors. Once the family has gathered, the home first must be cleaned, which functions to purify the area for the arrival of the ancestors sprits. To feed the spirits, food offerings, mostly vegetables, fruits, and rice are placed at the butsudan throughout the three days of Obon. The butsudan (a Buddhist altar) is an essential part to a traditional Japanese home, especially during Obon, being that it is the center of spiritual faith of the house. Positioned at the butsudan altar to help direct the spirits home are Lanterns, called chochin, and flower arrangements, called ikebana. Incense sticks are placed at the altar, which is thought to sooth and please the familys ancestors and chase away malignant spirits. Praying at the butsudan alter is also done at this time, sometimes asking a Buddhist or Shinto priest to invite the spirits home. It isnt uncommon to also position a lantern with the familys crest at the doorway (referred to as mukae-bi), to guide the souls to the right home. The family then will set out to their familys shrine and do much of the same thing; using chochin lanterns to bring the spirits home (the term for this being mukae-bon). This work is implemented to show how grateful the family is for what their ancestors have given up and sacrificed during the time they were alive. Once the set up is accomplished, fun gatherings take place so the people may show their appreciation to their familys ancestors. Due to the sweltering summer heat in Japan, yukata or cotton Kimonos are worn to the carnival-like celebration. Takoyaki (rounded fried dough often containing octopus), fried squid and chicken, sushi, dango (tofu and rice dessert), manju (Japanese confectionary), chocolate-dipped bananas, and snow cones with red beans are just some of the common food items of the Obon festival. A variety of games are also a large feature of the celebration. These games vary anywhere from catching fish from a kiddy pool using a small net, to throwing rings at bottles for prizes. Although the food and games have a significant role to play, the bon odori (Obon folk dance) is the pinnacle of the Obon gala. The bon odori dancing is done to welcome the spirits of the dead back to the living world. Different areas in Japan have different dances as well as unique songs to match them. Some songs have a pertinent spiritual significance to them and thusly, the bon odori will too. Hokkaido, far north of Japan, entertains with the folk song Soran Bushi, where in Kagoshima, the far south, uses the song Ohara Bushi. Anyone may participate in this special dance, allowing those who do the ability to show thanks and joy to their ancestors. The Buddhist teachings, which has soaked Japan in its colours, preaches not the joy of getting what you want, but rather the bliss of awareness. Completing the celebratory festival, the souls must be sent back to the afterworld to rest peacefully. Toro nagashi, meaning floating lanterns, is the final tradition of the Japanese Obon. Once th e sun begins to set, the people will take their family in-crested chochin lanterns to the waters edge. Lighting the lanterns, they send them off floating to the other side. The fire lit in these lanterns are said to guide the spirits wherever they go and here, they guide them back to the afterworld. Families that live by the coast, use the ocean as the sending place for toro nagashi, but for those not near the ocean will often use rivers or lakes to send off their ancestors. Regardless of which is used, this process of Obon is beautiful, but melancholy. Sending off the spirits of grandmothers, grandfathers, parents, wives, husbands, and children is often a very emotional process for the Japanese. Each family, on land or on boat, will watch as their lanterns float farther and farther away. The glow of each lantern causing the water to look much like the starry sky, spotted with many warm lights. Those who participated in toro nagashi have a heightened awareness of the challenges and sacrifices their ancestors had to take. For centuries Obon has been a sacred gathering for the dead and the living to teach and celebrate the awareness appreciating anothers sacrifice brings. Japanese Obon Festival free essay sample A Buddhist monk, able to see the dead, saw his mother struggling in the afterworld of Hungry Ghosts, the Hell of Starvation. Horrified by his clairvoyant vision, the Buddhist monk, Mokuren, ran to Buddha and was instructed to give each Buddhist monk offerings on the fifteenth day of the seventh month. Doing so and seeing his mothers release, Mokuren realized how much she had sacrificed for him and danced in great joy and gratitude. Much like the story of Mokuren, the Japanese Obon (pronounced o-bone) festival is a family oriented celebration which appreciates the sacrifices of ones ancestors. Japans fashion of celebrating their ancestors sacrifices has its origins steeped in Buddhist culture. Obon has been celebrated annually since its introduction by the Chinese in the seventh century (more accurately 657 A. D. ). Abbreviated from Urabon (the Japanese transliteration of the Sanskrit word Ullambana), Obon means to hang upside down, which communicates the retched suffering of either body or spirit, literally or metaphorically, of being hung upside down. We will write a custom essay sample on Japanese Obon Festival or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Obon is a ritual, which operates according to Sakyamuni Buddhas Urabon Sutra, the story of Mokuren. This ritual was practiced the same way Sakyamuni Buddha instructed Mokuren to do, on the fifteenth day of the seventh month. This tradition changed over the centuries and is now more commonly practiced August 13-16th, though most places in Okinawa (southern Japan) still celebrate Obon on the Lunar Calendars seventh month. Like the story implies, Obon is not a mournful celebration and is known as the Festival of Light or the Festival of Joy. For the three days of Obon, people may dance, eat good food, play games, and pray to show the joy they have for what their ancestors had to give up when they were alive. These celebratory features however, must be prepared for to adequately honor the ancestors spirits. Before the Obon festival begins, families gather and prepare their homes and the familys shrine in order to show thanks to their ancestors. Once the family has gathered, the home first must be cleaned, which functions to purify the area for the arrival of the ancestors sprits. To feed the spirits, food offerings, mostly vegetables, fruits, and rice are placed at the butsudan throughout the three days of Obon. The butsudan (a Buddhist altar) is an essential part to a traditional Japanese home, especially during Obon, being that it is the center of spiritual faith of the house. Positioned at the butsudan altar to help direct the spirits home are Lanterns, called chochin, and flower arrangements, called ikebana. Incense sticks are placed at the altar, which is thought to sooth and please the familys ancestors and chase away malignant spirits. Praying at the butsudan alter is also done at this time, sometimes asking a Buddhist or Shinto priest to invite the spirits home. It isnt uncommon to also position a lantern with the familys crest at the doorway (referred to as mukae-bi), to guide the souls to the right home. The family then will set out to their familys shrine and do much of the same thing; using chochin lanterns to bring the spirits home (the term for this being mukae-bon). This work is implemented to show how grateful the family is for what their ancestors have given up and sacrificed during the time they were alive. Once the set up is accomplished, fun gatherings take place so the people may show their appreciation to their familys ancestors. Due to the sweltering summer heat in Japan, yukata or cotton Kimonos are worn to the carnival-like celebration. Takoyaki (rounded fried dough often containing octopus), fried squid and chicken, sushi, dango (tofu and rice dessert), manju (Japanese confectionary), chocolate-dipped bananas, and snow cones with red beans are just some of the common food items of the Obon festival. A variety of games are also a large feature of the celebration. These games vary anywhere from catching fish from a kiddy pool using a small net, to throwing rings at bottles for prizes. Although the food and games have a significant role to play, the bon odori (Obon folk dance) is the pinnacle of the Obon gala. The bon odori dancing is done to welcome the spirits of the dead back to the living world. Different areas in Japan have different dances as well as unique songs to match them. Some songs have a pertinent spiritual significance to them and thusly, the bon odori will too. Hokkaido, far north of Japan, entertains with the folk song Soran Bushi, where in Kagoshima, the far south, uses the song Ohara Bushi. Anyone may participate in this special dance, allowing those who do the ability to show thanks and joy to their ancestors. The Buddhist teachings, which has soaked Japan in its colours, preaches not the joy of getting what you want, but rather the bliss of awareness. Completing the celebratory festival, the souls must be sent back to the afterworld to rest peacefully. Toro nagashi, meaning floating lanterns, is the final tradition of the Japanese Obon. Once th e sun begins to set, the people will take their family in-crested chochin lanterns to the waters edge. Lighting the lanterns, they send them off floating to the other side. The fire lit in these lanterns are said to guide the spirits wherever they go and here, they guide them back to the afterworld. Families that live by the coast, use the ocean as the sending place for toro nagashi, but for those not near the ocean will often use rivers or lakes to send off their ancestors. Regardless of which is used, this process of Obon is beautiful, but melancholy. Sending off the spirits of grandmothers, grandfathers, parents, wives, husbands, and children is often a very emotional process for the Japanese. Each family, on land or on boat, will watch as their lanterns float farther and farther away. The glow of each lantern causing the water to look much like the starry sky, spotted with many warm lights. Those who participated in toro nagashi have a heightened awareness of the challenges and sacrifices their ancestors had to take. For centuries Obon has been a sacred gathering for the dead and the living to teach and celebrate the awareness appreciating anothers sacrifice brings.

Hector of Troy essays

Hector of Troy essays Hector one of the best-known warriors in history. Hector the true leader of the Trojan army and protector of the city of Troy. Hector was the eldest son of Priam and Hecuba.1 In addition; Hector was the best warrior in all of Troy. Hector was the brother of Paris, Helenus and Cassandra.2 The young prince of Troy, sought after a wife. He found Andromache, he married her, and she was the daughter of the king of Thebes. After the you prince and princess have gotten married they had a son. Hector was the father of Astyanax (Scamandrius).3 He was a well-respected Trojan commander and a tremendous hero for Troy, but he was not only a favorite of mere mortals, his liking extended to even the gods. Apollo and Zeus favored Hector above all the other Trojans. In the last year of war, with withdrawal of Achilles from battle because of his quarrel with Agamemnon, Hector's prowess in battle rose to great height, inspired by the gods, Zeus and Apollo.4 At the height of Hectors power, he would challenge the Greek soldiers, which none of them even stood a chance against him. He challenged the Greeks to fight him in single combat.5 Even though the regular soldiers did not stand a chance against his military prowess, other heroes of the Trojan War also tried to defeat him. Some of the famous heroes were Diomedes and Odysseus, however they never have fought against Hector in combat. Many heroes volunteered, including Diomedes and Odysseus, but drawing lots, Ajax won the right to fight Hector. Ajax, also known as Telamonian Ajax or the Greater Ajax. Ajax fought against Hector in single combat to a draw, which they afterward exchange gifts: Hector giving Ajax his sword in return for Hector receiving Ajax's belt.6 Even though Hector was a great warrior and commander. When Hector was matched by Ajax and Diomedes they have over came him with their strength and number, though they never defeated him. He was the best warrior on the Trojan sid es; Ajax and...

Green Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Green Economics - Essay Example Green economics have so far been considered external to mainstream economics and there is a lot of discussion about whether they have any major points in similar. Green economics states that in the world we live in, needs looking after and if our daily transactions or dealings with each other affect the natural atmosphere, then it should be taken into account in decision making. As the natural resources are scarce, we can not use them wastefully, thus, our use of them should be noted. Besides, as our actions affect other human beings, such as a business decision affecting its consumers, suppliers, workers, shareholders, bank, the society and community etc, our actions can also affect non-human things such as plants, animals, the environment or the ecology and the different natural systems that exists around us. Green economics broadly encompasses the natural environment too while talking about social justice and other economic matters and has questioned some of the assumptions made by the classical economics. For this reason, it is often called non-neoclassical economics. ... Firms and individual also act separately on the basis on information and they have perfect knowledge. The assumptions of neoclassical theories include the profit maximizing behaviour of firms and the derivation of demand curves from the consumer indifference curves and budget lines to maximize their utility. Factors of production are analyzed by supply curves. It emphasizes on equilibrium and the aggregation of individual and firms' demands and supply curves. Bodies which shape up individual behaviour or are considered not as important are not emphasized. The conventional economics has taken a lot from this neoclassical approach in its assumptions and at the basic microeconomics level. Despite these derivations, there have been many individuals and economists who have criticized the neoclassical theories, especially when it came to the lack of attention given to the environment or the ecology. Green critics say that mainstream economists consider environmental and ecological considerations as externalities, which are a cost or benefit arising from an economic transaction or deal that affects a third party or people who are not directly related to the transaction. Conventional economics assume that the society's preferences are fixed and does not change or evolve with time or analysis. The green economists have often also shown distrust about capitalism which refers to an economic system where ownership is in private hands and economic decisions are made by the market economy. They do not believe that the "invisible hand" as called by Adam Smith makes the best decisions. The theory that self interest of individuals make them act in a certain way which brings